![]() sparsely populated regions have played a role. In addition to studying perceptual and revenue indicators of COVID-19 affectedness as potential carriers of changes in R&D investments, we also assess whether pre-COVID enterprise size in employees and location in densely vs. However having said that, we do not rule out that R&D investments were subject to change during the COVID-19 pandemic since numerous enterprises experienced liquidity problems (Chebbi et al., 2021). An argument that counters a possible association between the concepts is that R&D investments, in their nature, have a long-term focus and are, therefore, unlikely to fluctuate much in the short run (Brown et al., 2012). Therefore, we apply perceptual and revenue indicators in this study to assess whether negative or positive COVID-19 affectedness is linked to changes in R&D investments. However, it is also a matter of fact that while some enterprises were hit hard by the pandemic, others were less affected and even had a proactive response to it (Aarstad et al., 2022b). Moreover, research has suggested that enterprises have reduced R&D investments in the wake of COVID-19 as they did during the financial crisis (Roper and Turner, 2020).Īlong these lines of research, it is not unlikely that the overall R&D investments may have been reduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Research has examined how R&D investments may have reduced enterprises' negative impact of COVID-19 (Biswas, 2021 Behbahaninia and Golbidi, 2022) and has further debated how R&D investing enterprises have learned from the pandemic (Di Minin et al., 2021 Mortara et al., 2022). ![]()
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